Table of contents
- 1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data55m
- 2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs1h 55m
- 3. Describing Data Numerically1h 45m
- 4. Probability2h 16m
- 5. Binomial Distribution & Discrete Random Variables2h 33m
- 6. Normal Distribution and Continuous Random Variables1h 38m
- 7. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Mean1h 3m
- 8. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Proportion1h 12m
- 9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample1h 1m
- 10. Hypothesis Testing for Two Samples2h 8m
- 11. Correlation48m
- 12. Regression1h 4m
- 13. Chi-Square Tests & Goodness of Fit1h 20m
- 14. ANOVA1h 0m
1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data
Intro to Stats
Problem 1.2.23
Textbook Question
In Exercises 21–28, determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) best describes the given data.
Movie Ratings In a college film studies course, students rate ten documentaries using a scale of 0 to 5 stars.

1
Understand the four levels of measurement: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio. Nominal involves categories without a specific order. Ordinal involves categories with a specific order but without consistent differences between categories. Interval involves ordered categories with consistent differences but no true zero. Ratio involves ordered categories with consistent differences and a true zero.
Identify the nature of the data provided in the problem. The data consists of movie ratings given by students on a scale from 0 to 5 stars.
Consider whether the data has a natural order. In this case, the ratings from 0 to 5 stars do have a natural order, as a higher number of stars indicates a better rating.
Determine if the differences between the data points are meaningful. In this case, the difference between ratings (e.g., 4 stars vs. 3 stars) is consistent and meaningful.
Assess if there is a true zero point. In this context, a rating of 0 stars indicates the absence of any positive rating, which can be considered a true zero. Therefore, the data is best described by the ratio level of measurement.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Levels of Measurement
The levels of measurement refer to the different ways data can be categorized and quantified. They include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Each level has distinct characteristics that determine how data can be analyzed and interpreted, with nominal being the simplest and ratio the most complex.
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Ordinal Scale
An ordinal scale is a type of measurement that ranks data in a specific order but does not quantify the difference between the ranks. In the context of movie ratings, a scale of 0 to 5 stars allows for ranking films based on preference, but the difference between ratings (e.g., between 2 and 3 stars) is not necessarily uniform or meaningful.
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Rating Scales
Rating scales are tools used to assess opinions or preferences, often represented numerically. In this case, the 0 to 5 star rating system allows students to express their evaluations of documentaries. Understanding how these ratings function helps in determining the appropriate level of measurement, as they reflect subjective judgments rather than precise measurements.
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