How the GSE helped Salem State University meet learner needs

Sara Davila
a young man sat in a lecture hall with other students behind him

Salem State University is one of the largest and most diverse public teaching universities in Massachusetts. In total, it has about 8,700 students enrolled, 37% of whom are people of color. It also educates 221 international students from 59 different countries ¨C with China, Albania, Brazil, Morocco, Nigeria and Japan among the most represented countries on campus.

The university runs an intensive English language program. Most students who enrol come from China, Brazil, Albania, Vietnam, and Japan. The program also has a number of part-time English language learners from the local community.

In 2016, Associate Director Shawn Wolfe and teachers at the American Language and Culture Institute did a review and found that areas for growth included establishing a universal documentation for identifying learner needs, goals and progress.

¡°The biggest challenge was that we needed to have a better way of placing students,¡± Wolfe says. ¡°We also needed to have a way to have our curriculum, our assessment and our student learning outcomes unified.¡±

The team lacked programmatic data related to learning gains and outcomes. Additionally, they realized that assessments could be used to inform students about entry requirements at the university and other programs. And that¡¯s where the Global Scale of English (GSE) came in, as a tool which enabled the staff at the American Language and Culture Institute to personalize and diversity their English teaching program to meet learner needs.

Cultural and linguistic diversity

David Silva PhD, the Provost and Academic Vice President, highlights the need for this type of personalization when it comes to education.

¡°We have to be prepared for an increasing variety of learners and learning contexts. This means we have to make our learning contexts real,¡± he says. ¡°We have to think about application, and we have to think about how learners will take what they learn and apply it, both in terms of so-called book smarts, but also in terms of soft skills, because they¡¯re so important.¡±

Silva makes the point that, as the world gets smaller and technology becomes a bigger part of our lives, we can be anywhere at any time, working with anyone from across the globe. ¡°We need to be prepared,¡± he says, ¡°for those cultural and linguistic differences that we¡¯re going to face in our day-to-day jobs.¡±

The ability to change and adapt

So how does the curriculum at the American Language and Culture Institute help prepare students for the world of study and work?

At the Institute, the general review led to the realization that the program needed to be adaptive and flexible. This would provide a balance between general English and academic preparation and would also encompass English for specific purposes (ESP).

Wolfe says, ¡°The GSE fit with what we were trying to do because it offers three different options; English for academic learners, English for professionals and English for adults, which is another area that we realized we needed to add to our evening program so that we can serve working adults that are English language learners in our community.¡±

The English language instructors at the Institute were also impressed with the capabilities of the GSE. Joni Hagigeorges, one of the instructors, found the GSE to be an excellent tool for tracking student progress.

¡°What I really like is that you can choose the skill ¨C , listening, speaking ¨C and you¡¯re given the can-do statements, the learning objectives that each student will need to progress to the next level,¡± she said.

Wolfe also commented on the GSE Teacher Toolkit and the way that it supports assessment and planning, allowing instructors to get ideas for specific learning objectives for groups or individual students. ¡°It¡¯s enabled us to personalize learning, and it¡¯s changed the way that our teachers are planning their lessons, as well as the way that they are assessing the students.¡±

A curriculum that will meet learner needs

The GSE has allowed the team at the Institute to become more responsive to changing student expectations. The alignment of placement and progress tests to the GSE has allowed instructors to have more input into the courses they are teaching.

Elizabeth Cullen, an English language instructor at the Institute, said, ¡°The GSE helps us assess the strengths and weaknesses of various textbooks. It has helped us develop a unified curriculum, and a unified assessment mechanism.¡±

This unification means that the curriculum can easily be tweaked or redesigned quickly to meet the needs of the students. What¡¯s more, as Elizabeth points out, the students benefit too. ¡°The Global Scale of English provides students with a road map showing them where they are now, where they want to go and how they¡¯re going to get there.¡±

Standing out from the crowd

In this time of global hyper-competition, the challenge for any language program is finding innovative ways to stand out from the crowd while staying true to your identity. At Salem State, the staff found that the GSE was the perfect tool for the modern, data-driven approach to education, inspiring constant inquiry, discussion and innovation. It offers students, instructors and administrators a truly global metric to set and measure goals, and go beyond the ordinary.

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    By Charlotte Guest
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    It's April Fool's Day today and we¡¯re diving into the lighter side of the English language. English is full of quirky sayings and odd words that can leave you scratching your head or laughing out loud. So enjoy this collection of funny English sayings and words that are sure to bring a smile to your face and probably make you question whether this is an April Fool¡¯s Day joke.

    1. Bob¡¯s your uncle

    Let¡¯s start with a classic British saying: ¡°Bob¡¯s your uncle.¡± This phrase is used to indicate that something will be simple or straightforward. For example, ¡°Just add water, and Bob¡¯s your uncle¡±. But who is Bob, and why is he your uncle? The origins are unclear, but it¡¯s a fun way to say, ¡°And there you have it¡±.

    2. The bee¡¯s knees

    When something is the ¡°bee¡¯s knees,¡± it means it¡¯s excellent or of high quality. But why the knees of a bee? This saying likely originated in the 1920s as part of a trend of using animal anatomy in slang. Other similar phrases include ¡°the cat¡¯s pajamas¡± and ¡°the snake¡¯s hips¡±.

    3. More holes than Swiss cheese

    If something has ¡°more holes than Swiss cheese,¡± it means it¡¯s full of flaws or problems. This saying is self-explanatory if you¡¯ve ever seen a slice of Swiss cheese. It¡¯s a humorous way to point out that something isn¡¯t quite up to par.

    4. Bamboozle

    To ¡°bamboozle¡± someone means to trick or confuse them. This word itself sounds like a bit of a trick, doesn¡¯t it? It¡¯s believed to have originated in the 17th century, and it¡¯s a perfect word to use on April Fool's Day when you¡¯re pulling pranks on your friends.

    5. Fuddy-duddy

    A ¡°fuddy-duddy¡± is someone who is old-fashioned or fussy. This term is often used affectionately to describe someone who is a bit behind the times. It¡¯s a funny-sounding word that¡¯s sure to bring a smile to your face.

    6. Gobbledygook

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    7. Mad as a hatter

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    8. Raining cats and dogs

    When it¡¯s ¡°raining cats and dogs¡±, it¡¯s raining very heavily. The origins of this saying are unclear, but it¡¯s a vivid and amusing way to describe a downpour. Just imagine cats and dogs falling from the sky!

    9. Lollygag

    To ¡°lollygag¡± means to dawdle or waste time. It¡¯s a playful word that perfectly captures the essence of goofing off. So, if you find yourself procrastinating today, just tell everyone you¡¯re lollygagging.

    10. The whole shebang

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    11. Cat got your tongue?

    When someone is unusually quiet or at a loss for words, you might ask ¡°Cat got your tongue?¡± This odd saying dates back to the 19th century and is a humorous way to prompt someone to speak up.

    12. As cool as a cucumber

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    How many unusual English sayings do you know?

    English is a wonderfully weird language, full of sayings and words that can leave us amused and bewildered. On this April Fool's Day, we hope you¡¯ve enjoyed this lighthearted look at some of the funniest expressions English has to offer. So go ahead, sprinkle these sayings into your conversations, and share a laugh with your friends. After all, laughter is the best medicine, and today is the perfect day to embrace the humor in our language.

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    How to use praise to motivate your students

    By Joanna Wiseman
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    Praise in the classroom is a valuable resource that every teacher has in their toolbox.?It can encourage struggling students and reward learners who have been studying diligently and working hard on their language skills.

    But not all types of praise have the same effect. Let¡¯s take a look at different types of praise and how you can use it to boost your learners¡¯ motivation and?self-esteem.?

    Different types of praise in the classroom

    There are three types of praise that teachers commonly engage in - but they¡¯re not all equal and are not all desirable:?

    • Personal praise: Here you praise a student for a specific ability or quality. For example, you might say something like,?¡°You have a great memory for vocabulary¡±.??
    • Effort-based praise: This?is when you comment on a student¡¯s efforts. For example, you could say,?¡°I can see you tried really hard with this vocabulary homework ¨C well done.¡±??
    • Behavior-based praise:?This type of praise?is where you comment on how a student is acting, an example would be,?¡°You were really paying attention during the vocabulary lesson ¨C good job.¡±

    So how ¨C and when ¨C should we use these types of praise in the classroom??

    Try not to praise ability

    The first type of praise ¨C personal praise ¨C should be avoided in the classroom.??has shown that this type of praise doesn¡¯t have a beneficial effect on motivation.?

    In fact, praise for intelligence actually has a detrimental effect on student achievement. When students were praised for their intelligence, they tended to care more about their performance goals ¨C the score they achieved on a test, for example. Learning goals, like mastering a new skill, became less important to them.?

    Moreover, personal praise has been shown to undermine student resilience in the face of failure. Students showed less persistence when it came to challenging tasks and less enjoyment of the challenge. They also performed more poorly than children praised for effort.?

    Furthermore, when you praise students for their ability, they also tend to see intelligence or aptitude as a fixed trait. However, students who are praised for effort are more likely to see ability as something they can improve on. This feeds into the development of a growth mindset vs a fixed mindset.?It¡¯s important to?instill?a growth mindset in learners to enable them to reach their full potential.?

    How to praise effort and behavior

    When it comes to praising effort and behavior, what¡¯s the most effective way to do it? Here are some techniques to employ:?

    1. Be specific ?

    General praise such as ¡°Good job¡± isn¡¯t nearly as effective as a comment that shows you¡¯ve been paying attention to what the student is doing. A precise compliment will make a much bigger impact on a student, for example:?¡°I was really impressed at how hard you concentrated during the listening exercise. Well done.¡±??

    2. Give praise in the moment?

    Immediate praise doesn¡¯t need to be disruptive, but it shows students that you are paying attention and noticing good behavior and effort.?

    3. Avoid comparisons with other students?

    Instead of saying, ¡°You got the best mark in the class ¨C well done!¡± say something like,?¡°You got a really high score in the reading test. Your hard work has really paid off this term.¡±

    4. Keep track of praise?

    Before your class, choose three or four students you¡¯re going to praise that day. That way, you can be sure that each and every student will benefit from the motivational power of effective classroom praise!

    5. Personalize your praise, depending on the student?

    Young students enjoy being praised publicly, but shy students, older children and teenagers prefer positive feedback to be given quietly.?

    Don¡¯t overpraise and watch your positive bias?

    It¡¯s important to be sincere. Older children, especially adolescents, have an extremely low tolerance of insincerity. So, don¡¯t be tempted to praise students too often, or too effusively ¨C it can actually have a negative impact on your relationship with your whole class. Insincere praise can lead students to question your judgement.?

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