Dilbilgisi: asi canavar nasıl evcilleştirilir

ɫèAV Languages
Küçük bir çocuk sınıfta bir masaya oturmuş yazı yazıyordu

"Kralları bile nasıl kontrol edeceğini bilen dilbilgisi"- ѴDZè

Dilbilgisini düşündüğünüzde, "kural" muhtemelen aklınıza gelen ilk kelimedir. Kuşkusuz, geleneksel dilbilgisi görüşü, bunun "dil kuralları" ile ilgili olduğu yönündedir. Aslında, çok uzun zaman önce, bir dil öğretmek sadece gramer kurallarını ve belki de birkaç kelime listesini öğretmek anlamına geliyordu. Ancak, aslında gramer kuralı diye bir şey olmadığını öne süreceğim.

Ne demek istediğimi göstermek için, sıfatların karşılaştırmasını ele alalım: "daha büyük", "daha küçük", "daha kullanışlı", "daha ilginç" vb. Basit bir kuralla başlayabiliriz: tek heceli sıfatlar için -er ekleyin ve iki veya daha fazla heceli sıfatlar için daha fazla + sıfat kullanın.

Ancak bu pek işe yaramıyor: evet, "daha kullanışlı" diyoruz ama aynı zamanda "daha akıllı" ve "daha güzel" de diyoruz. Tamam o zaman, kuralı değiştirdiğimizi varsayalım. Diyelim ki -y veya -er ile biten iki heceli sıfatlar için -er ekliyorsunuz.

Ne yazık ki, bu da pek işe yaramıyor: "daha akıllı" diyoruz, ama aynı zamanda "daha ayık" ve "daha uygun" diyoruz. Ve bazı tek heceli sıfatlarla ilgili sorunlar da var: "daha gerçek" veya "daha " yerine "daha gerçek" ve "daha bütün" diyoruz. Kuralı bu istisnalara uyacak şekilde değiştirirsek, yarım sayfa uzunluğunda olacak ve her neyse, aramaya devam edersek daha fazla istisna bulacağız. Bu, İngilizce dilbilgisinde tekrar tekrar olur. Çoğu zaman, kurallar o kadar istisnalarla dolu görünür ki, o kadar da yardımcı olmazlar.

Ve "kural yaklaşımı" ile ilgili başka bir büyük sorun daha var: sıfatların karşılaştırılması kadar açık bir şeyde bile yapının gerçekte ne için kullanıldığını söylemiyor. Bir şeyleri karşılaştırmak için kullanıldığını varsayabilirsiniz: "Benim evim Mary'ninkinden daha küçük"; "John, Stephen'dan daha çekici". Ama şuna bakın: "Ne kadar çok çalışırsanız, o kadar çok para kazanırsınız." Ya da şu: "Londra giderek daha kalabalık hale geliyor." Her iki cümle de karşılaştırmalı sıfatlar kullanır, ancak iki şeyi doğrudan karşılaştırmazlar.

Aslında burada baktığımız şey bir kural değil, doğru teknik terimi kullanmak için birkaç örtüşen model veya paradigmadır:

  1. sıfat + -er + daha
  2. daha fazla + sıfat + daha fazla
  3. Paralel Karşılaştırmalı Sıfatlar: + Karşılaştırmalı Sıfat 1 ... + Karşılaştırmalı sıfat 2
  4. Tekrarlanan karşılaştırmalı sıfat: sıfat + -er + ve + sıfat + -er/daha fazla ve daha fazla + sıfat

Bu resim daha doğru, ancak soyut ve teknik görünüyor. Bugünlerde gerçekte öğrettiklerimizden ve öğrenme hedefleri ve ölçülebilir sonuçlar etrafında organize olma eğiliminde olan öğretme şeklimizden çok uzaktır, örneğin: "Bu dersin (veya modülün) sonunda öğrencilerim kendi eşyalarını başkasının eşyalarıyla karşılaştırabilmelidir". Yani öğrencilerimize bir kuralı ezberlemeyi ve hatta bir kalıbı manipüle etmeyi öğretmiyoruz; Onlara gerçek dünyada bir şeyler yapmayı öğretiyoruz. Ve tabii ki, bunu öğrencinin seviyesine uygun bir seviyede öğretiyoruz.

Dilbilgisine geri dönersek, genel dersimizi veya modül hedefimizi belirledikten sonra, bilmemiz gereken bazı şeyler şunlardır.

  • Bu amacı ifade etmek için hangi gramer biçimleri (kalıpları) kullanılabilir?
  • Hangileri öğrencilerimin seviyesine uygun? Zaten bilmeleri gereken bazı şeyler var mı, yoksa onlara bu derste öğretmeli miyim?
  • Formlar pratikte nasıl görünüyor? Bazı iyi örnekler neler olabilir?

Mevcut dilbilgisi ders kitapları genellikle tüm bu bilgileri sağlamaz; Özellikle, seviye konusunda çok belirsizdirler. Çoğu zaman dilbilgisi yapılarını belirli CEFR seviyelerine değil, örneğin A1/A2 veya A2/B1 gibi bir aralığa koyarlar ve hiçbiri dilbilgisini genel öğrenme hedefleriyle tam olarak bütünleştirmez.

ɫèAV'da, İngilizce öğretmenler ve öğrenciler için aşağıdaki özelliklere sahip yeni bir dilbilgisi kaynağı türü geliştirerek bu sorunları ele alma hedefini kendimize belirledik:

  • Öğrenen yeterliliğini geliştirmenin kesin derecelendirmesi ile Global Scale of English dayanmaktadır
  • Avrupa Konseyi dil müfredatları üzerine inşa edilmiştir ve grameri CEFR seviyeye ve dil işlevlerine bağlar
  • Yapıları gözden geçirmek ve seviyelerini değerlendirmek için uluslararası dil uzmanlarından oluşan ekipleri kullanır

Dilbilgisini GSE Teacher Toolkit'e dahil ediyoruz ve bunu şu amaçlarla kullanabilirsiniz:

  • Dilbilgisi yapılarını GSE veya CEFR düzeyine göre arayın
  • Dilbilgisi yapılarını anahtar kelimeye veya dilbilgisi kategorisine/konuşmanın bölümüne göre arayın
  • Belirli bir dilbilgisi yapısının hangi seviyede öğretilmesi gerektiğini öğrenin
  • Hangi dilbilgisi yapılarının belirli bir öğrenme hedefini desteklediğini öğrenin
  • Hangi öğrenme hedeflerinin belirli bir dilbilgisi yapısıyla ilişkili olduğunu öğrenin
  • Herhangi bir dilbilgisi yapısı için örnekler alın
  • Dilbilgisi yapılarının çoğu için ücretsiz öğretim materyalleri edinin

Bunu, İngilizce öğreten ve müfredat tasarlayan herkes için açık erişimli bir kaynak olarak düşünün.

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    Rodrigo noted that he struggles with pronunciation most.“The way English speakers say words is very different than the way you would say something in Portuguese.”

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